Induced tolerogenic dendritic cells are a promising treatment for an autoimmune illness that has shown potential in disease models in the lab and early clinical studies. Tolerogenic immunotherapy, in contrast to traditional immunosuppressive therapies, uses the immune system's cells and functions to inhibit the autoreactive lymphocytes that cause illness and damage. The fundamental procedures for isolating and reprogramming Dendritic Cells (DCs), which are at the heart of this strategy, are well understood. The expensive cost and customized nature of this technology, however, limit its wider adoption. By executing this reprogramming process in situ, nanomedicine provides an alternate way. The problems and potential of employing nanoparticles as a delivery method to target DCs and induce immunomodulation are discussed in this paper, with an emphasis on their adaptability. The potential for them to overcome crucial challenges in organ transplantation and increasingly common autoimmune conditions like type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, where novel immunotherapy techniques have begun to show promise, is then highlighted.
