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The balance of antioxidants defenses which sustain also the balance of inflammation response is of significant importance to prevent several chronic diseases. Epigenetic regulators such as microRNAs (miRs) are emerging in this field and are now recognized to play a central role in the regulation of several arrays of biological processes. MiRs are the trait d’union of genetic, biochemical, and structural studies in the understanding of diseases in which cellular redox with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), that when not in balance, plays a critical role.

 

MiRs are able to “fine-tune” the regulation of processes including those directly interacting with the Nrf2 pathway and the generation of ROS. Therefore, redox-sensitive miRs or “redoximiRs” add an important regulatory mechanism for redox signaling out there of the well-characterized actions of Nrf2. The potential exists for miR-based therapies. Several chronic diseases, where diminished antioxidant defenses and dysregulated redox signaling can lead to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegeneration, and fostering the aging process.